State-of-the-Art Review Article
The Diet Factor in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
The Diet Factor in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
J. Gordon Millichap and Michelle M. Yee
Pediatrics 2012; 129:330-337
ABSTRACT
This article is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of dietary methods for treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) when pharmacotherapy has proven unsatisfactory or unacceptable. Results of recent research and controlled studies, based on a PubMed search, are emphasized and compared with earlier reports. The recent increase of interest in this form of therapy for ADHD, and especially in the use of omega supplements, significance of iron deficiency, and the avoidance of the “Western pattern” diet, make the discussion timely.
Diets to reduce symptoms associated with ADHD include sugar-restricted, additive/preservative-free, oligoantigenic/elimination, and fatty acid supplements. Omega−3 supplement is the latest dietary treatment with positive reports of efficacy, and interest in the additive-free diet of the 1970s is occasionally revived. A provocative report draws attention to the ADHD-associated “Western-style” diet, high in fat and refined sugars, and the ADHD-free “healthy” diet, containing fiber, folate, and omega-3 fatty acids.
The literature on diets and ADHD, listed by PubMed, is reviewed with emphasis on recent controlled studies. Recommendations for the use of diets are based on current opinion of published reports and our practice experience. Indications for dietary therapy include medication failure, parental or patient preference, iron deficiency, and, when appropriate, change from an ADHD-linked Western diet to an ADHD-free healthy diet. Foods associated with ADHD to be avoided and those not linked with ADHD and preferred are listed.
In practice, additive-free and oligoantigenic/elimination diets are time-consuming and disruptive to the household; they are indicated only in selected patients. Iron and zinc are supplemented in patients with known deficiencies; they may also enhance the effectiveness of stimulant therapy. In patients failing to respond or with parents opposed to medication, omega-3 supplements may warrant a trial. A greater attention to the education of parents and children in a healthy dietary pattern, omitting items shown to predispose to ADHD, is perhaps the most promising and practical complementary or alternative treatment of ADHD.
KEY WORDS
additive-free attention behavior diet elimination hyperactivity iron ketogenic oligoantigenic omega-3 pediatrics sucrose zinc
Source : Division of Neurology, Children’s Memorial Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois
Children Allergy Center
Provided by
CHILDREN ALLERGY CLINIC ONLINE
Yudhasmara Foundation
htpp://www.allergyclinic.wordpress.com/
- CHILDREN GROW UP CLINIC I JL Taman bendungan Asahan 5 Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta Indonesia 10210 Phone : (021) 70081995 – 5703646
- CHILDREN GROW UP CLINIC II MENTENG SQUARE Jl Matraman 30 Jakarta Pusat
Clinical and Editor in Chief :
Dr Widodo Judarwanto, pediatrician email : , Curiculum Vitae
Information on this web site is provided for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. You should not use the information on this web site for diagnosing or treating a medical or health condition. You should carefully read all product packaging. If you have or suspect you have a medical problem, promptly contact your professional healthcare provider.
Copyright © 2012, Children Allergy Clinic Online Information Education Network. All rights reserved
